Apathy and cognitive decline as the first presentation of SLE-associated vascular dementia: a case report

Conflict of interest

S.A. Bokhari, D. Al-Ayyat, A. Shukry, W. Nasr, J. Hurley, G. Singh, J. Meehan and T. Qassem declare that they have no competing interests.

Consent for publication

Consent for open access publication was obtained or waived by all participants in this study.

Financial interests

The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from all patients for being included in the study.

Ethical standards

Ethical approval was not required for this case report, as it involves a single case description without experimental interventions. This case report adhered to ethical principles, ensuring patient confidentiality by anonymizing identifying information and obtaining institutional approval where required. The focus on presenting this case aims to contribute to clinical knowledge and improve patient care without compromising the dignity or rights of the individual involved. Consent for treatment and open access publication was obtained or waived by all participants in this study.

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