Jarius S, Paul F, Weinshenker BG, Levy M, Kim HJ, Wildemann B (2020) Neuromyelitis Optica. Nat Rev Dis Primers 6(1):85
Lennon VA, Wingerchuk DM, Kryzer TJ, Pittock SJ, Lucchinetti CF, Fujihara K et al (2004) A serum autoantibody marker of neuromyelitis optica: distinction from multiple sclerosis. Lancet 364(9451):2106–12
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Takai Y, Misu T, Suzuki H, Takahashi T, Okada H, Tanaka S et al (2021) Staging of astrocytopathy and complement activation in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Brain 144(8):2401–15
Duan T, Smith AJ, Verkman AS (2018) Complement-dependent bystander injury to neurons in AQP4-IgG seropositive neuromyelitis optica. J Neuroinflammation 15(1):294
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Qin C, Chen M, Dong MH, Yang S, Zhang H, You YF et al (2024) Soluble TREM2 triggers microglial dysfunction in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Brain 147(1):163–76
Chen T, Lennon VA, Liu YU, Bosco DB, Li Y, Yi MH et al (2020) Astrocyte-microglia interaction drives evolving neuromyelitis optica lesion. J Clin Invest 130(8):4025–38
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Sandira MI, Lim K, Yoshida T, Sajidah ES, Narimatsu S, Imakawa R et al (2025) Nanoscopic profiling of small extracellular vesicles via high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) videography. J Extracell Vesicles 14(4):e270050
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Takakura Y, Matsumoto A, Takahashi Y (2020) Therapeutic application of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs): pharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic challenges. Biol Pharm Bull 43(4):576–583
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Xie Y, Chen B, Wang Q, Chen X, Lai W, Xu Y et al (2023) Astrocyte-derived exosomes contribute to pathologies of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in rodent model. Ann Neurol 94(1):163–81
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Shimizu M, Okuno T, Kinoshita M, Sumi H, Fujimura H, Yamashita K et al (2020) Mitochondrial DNA enhance innate immune responses in neuromyelitis optica by monocyte recruitment and activation. Sci Rep 10(1):13274
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Jia J, Sheng Z, Zhang Y, Guo L, Chen Z, Zhu D et al (2025) Thioredoxin-1 inhibits NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis by regulating TXNIP in models of Alzheimer’s disease. Sci Rep 15(1):16551
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Chen T, Bosco DB, Ying Y, Tian DS, Wu LJ (2021) The emerging role of microglia in neuromyelitis optica. Front Immunol 12:616301
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Vainchtein ID, Molofsky AV (2020) Astrocytes and microglia: in sickness and in health. Trends Neurosci 43(3):144–154
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Bialas AR, Stevens B (2022) Retraction note: TGF-beta signaling regulates neuronal C1q expression and developmental synaptic refinement. Nat Neurosci 25(2):265
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Vainchtein ID, Chin G, Cho FS, Kelley KW, Miller JG, Chien EC et al (2018) Astrocyte-derived interleukin-33 promotes microglial synapse engulfment and neural circuit development. Science 359(6381):1269–73
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Zeng W, Liu G, Luan Q, Yang C, Luo X, Zhu Z et al (2024) Epstein-barr virus promotes inflammatory cytokine production in human gingival fibroblasts. Int Dent J 74(3):607–15
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Lai JH, Wang MY, Huang CY, Wu CH, Hung LF, Yang CY et al (2018) Infection with the dengue RNA virus activates TLR9 signaling in human dendritic cells. EMBO Rep. https://doi.org/10.15252/embr.201846182
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Guo YJ, Luo T, Wu F, Mei YW, Peng J, Liu H et al (2015) Involvement of TLR2 and TLR9 in the anti-inflammatory effects of chlorogenic acid in HSV-1-infected microglia. Life Sci 127:12–18
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Ye W, Tang X, Yang Z, Liu C, Zhang X, Jin J et al (2017) Plasma-derived exosomes contribute to inflammation via the TLR9-NF-kappaB pathway in chronic heart failure patients. Mol Immunol 87:114–121
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Huang L, Fu C, Liao S, Long Y (2024) IL-33 relieves nerve injury by mediating microglial polarization in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders via the IL-33/ST2 pathway. IBRO Neurosci Rep 17:177–187
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Xia L, Zhang C, Lv N, Liang Z, Ma T, Cheng H et al (2022) AdMSC-derived exosomes alleviate acute lung injury via transferring mitochondrial component to improve homeostasis of alveolar macrophages. Theranostics 12(6):2928–47
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Huang H, Sun Z, Xu J, Wang L, Zhao J, Li J et al (2024) Yang-Xin-Shu-Mai granule alleviates atherosclerosis by regulating macrophage polarization via the TLR9/MyD88/NF-kappaB signaling pathway. J Ethnopharmacol. ;318(Pt A):116868.
Shen H, Wu N, Wang Y, Zhang L, Hu X, Chen Z et al (2017) Toll-like receptor 9 mediates paraquat-induced acute lung injury: an in vitro and in vivo study. Life Sci 178:109–118
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Papadopoulos MC, Verkman AS (2012) Aquaporin 4 and neuromyelitis optica. Lancet Neurol 11(6):535–544
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Yick LW, Ma OK, Ng RC, Kwan JS, Chan KH (2018) Aquaporin-4 autoantibodies from neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder patients induce complement-independent immunopathologies in mice. Front Immunol 9:1438
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Yamashita K, Kinoshita M, Miyamoto K, Namba A, Shimizu M, Koda T et al (2018) Cerebrospinal fluid mitochondrial DNA in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. J Neuroinflammation 15(1):125
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Lucchinetti CF, Guo Y, Popescu BF, Fujihara K, Itoyama Y, Misu T (2014) The pathology of an autoimmune astrocytopathy: lessons learned from neuromyelitis optica. Brain Pathol 24(1):83–97
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Hinson SR, Clift IC, Luo N, Kryzer TJ, Lennon VA (2017) Autoantibody-induced internalization of CNS AQP4 water channel and EAAT2 glutamate transporter requires astrocytic Fc receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 114(21):5491–5496
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Szpakowski P, Ksiazek-Winiarek D, Czpakowska J, Kaluza M, Milewska-Jedrzejczak M, Glabinski A (2023) Astrocyte-derived exosomes differentially shape T cells’ immune response in MS patients. Int J Mol Sci. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087470
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Li J, He Y, Wang H, Chen J (2022) Microglial/macrophage activation in the cerebrospinal fluid of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Brain Behav 12(12):e2798
Comments (0)