Complications and symptom burden of ureteral double-J stents: a systematic review of prevalence, risk factors, and management strategies

Putra AGP, Azmi YA, Wirjopranoto S, Rahmatika N, De Nanda AJ, Wibawa AS et al (2025) Management of forgotten double J stents: insight from a systematic review of case reports. Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia

Sali GM, Joshi HB (2020) Ureteric stents: overview of current clinical applications and economic implications. Int J Urol 27(1):7–15

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shah M, Blest F, Blackmur J, Laird A, Dawson S, Aning J (2024) Malignant upper urinary tract obstruction in cancer patients: a systematic review. BJUI Compass 5(5):519–530

Article  Google Scholar 

Miyaoka R, Monga M (2009) Ureteral stent discomfort: etiology and management. Indian J Urol 25(4):455

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Geavlete P, Georgescu D, Mulțescu R, Stanescu F, Cozma C, Geavlete B (2021) Ureteral stent complications – experience on 50,000 procedures. J Med Life 14(6):769–775

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Patil S, Raghuvanshi K, Jain DK, Raval A (2020) Forgotten ureteral double-J stents and related complications: a real-world experience. Afr J Urol 26(1):8

Article  Google Scholar 

Porto BC, Hobaica NC, Passerotti CC, Sardenberg RAS, Otoch JP, da Cruz JAS (2025) Optimal stenting duration following ureteroscopy and nephrolithotomy: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Urol 25(1):76

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pearle MS, Goldfarb DS, Assimos DG, Curhan G, Denu-Ciocca CJ, Matlaga BR et al (2014) Medical management of kidney stones: AUA guideline. J Urol 192(2):316–24

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

European Association of Urology (2024) EAU Guidelines on Urolithiasis. EAU Guidelines 2024 Edition. European Association of Urology

Google Scholar 

Skolarikos A, Geraghty R, Somani B et al (2025) European Association of Urology Guidelines on Diagnosis and Treatment of Urolithiasis. Eur Urol 88(1):64–75

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Moon YJ, Chung DY, Kim DK, Jung H, Do, Jeon SH, Kang SH et al (2025) The Beneficial Effects of Alpha-Blockers, Antimuscarinics, Beta 3-Agonist, and PDE5-Inhibitors for Ureteral Stent-Related Discomfort: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis from KSER Update Series. Med (B Aires) 61(2):232

Google Scholar 

Kwon JK, Cho KS, Oh CK, Kang DH, Lee H, Ham WS et al (2015) The beneficial effect of alpha-blockers for ureteral stent-related discomfort: systematic review and network meta-analysis for alfuzosin versus tamsulosin versus placebo. BMC Urol 15(1):55

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Endourological management of encrusted ureteral stents (2021) An up-to-date guide and treatment algorithm on behalf of the European Association of Urology Young Academic Urology Urolithiasis Group. Cent Eur J Urol

Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Chandler J, Welch VA, Higgins JP et al (2019) Updated guidance for trusted systematic reviews: a new edition of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.ED000142

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD et al (2021) The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ :n71

Sterne JA, Hernán MA, Reeves BC, Savović J, Berkman ND, Viswanathan M et al (2016) ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. BMJ. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i4919

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sterne JAC, Savović J, Page MJ, Elbers RG, Blencowe NS, Boutron I et al (2019) RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ :l4898

Munn Z, Barker T, Moola S, Tufanaru C, Stern C, McArthur A et al (2020) Methodological quality of case series studies: an introduction to the JBI critical appraisal tool. JBI Evid Synth. https://doi.org/10.11124/JBISRIR-D-19-00099

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lee JN, Kim BS (2015) Comparison of efficacy and bladder irritation symptoms among three different ureteral stents: a double-blind, prospective, randomized controlled trial. Scand J Urol 49(3):237–241

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sohrab A, Aneesh S, Sureka SK, Varun M, Nitesh P, Manoj K et al (2015) Forgotten Reminders: an Experience with Managing 28 Forgotten Double-J Stents and Management of Related Complications. Indian J Surg 77(S3):1165–1171

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jeong YB, Doo AR, Park HS, Shin YS (2016) Clinical significance of ureteral stent removal by flexible cystoscopy on pain and satisfaction in young males: a prospective randomised control trial. Urolithiasis 44(4):367–370

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hekal IA (2016) Drug treatment of bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms after ureteric JJ-stent insertion: a contemporary, comparative, prospective, randomised placebo-controlled study, single-centre experience. Arab J Urol 14(4):262–268

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Doersch KM, Machen GL, Thai KH, Sung J, El Tayeb MM (2018) Feasibility and clinical outcomes of ureteral stenting in the office procedural suite. Can J Urol 25(6):9596–9600

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ilie VG, Ilie VI (2018) Ureteric stent use - part of the solution and part of the problem. Curr Urol 11(3):126–130

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mittakanti HR, Conti SL, Pao AC, Chertow GM, Liao JC, Leppert JT et al (2018) Unplanned emergency department visits and hospital admissions following ureteroscopy: do ureteral stents make a difference? Urology 117:44–49

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tharwat M, Elsaadany MM, Lashin AM, EL-Nahas AR (2018) A randomized controlled trial evaluating sildenafil citrate in relieving ureteral stent-related symptoms. World J Urol 36(11):1877–1881

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kartal IG, Baylan B, Gok A, Sagnak AL, Karakoyunlu N, Cakici MC et al (2018) The Association of Encrustation and Ureteral Stent Indwelling Time in Urolithiasis and KUB Grading System. Urol J 15(6):323–328

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Doersch KM, Thai KH, Machen GL, Bird ET, Reilly TP, El Tayeb MM (2019) A comparison of clinical outcomes of operating room versus office-based ureteral stenting with the novel use of nitrous oxide sedation. Urology 132:37–42

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liu Y, Wu K, Lai H, Zeng Z, Zhang B (2019) Clinical application of fluoroscopic guided percutaneous antegrade ureteral stents placement for the treatment of malignant ureteral obstruction. J X-Ray Sci Technology: Clin Appl Diagnosis Ther 27(3):453–460

CAS  Google Scholar 

Inoue T, Okada S, Hamamoto S, Yoshida T, Murota T, Matsuda T (2019) Impact of ureteric stent removal by string on patient’s quality of life and on complications at post-ureteroscopy for urolithiasis: a controlled trial. BJU Int 124(2):314–320

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

El-Tatawy H, El-Abd AS, Gameel TA, Ramadan AR, Abo Farha MO, Sabaa MA et al (2019) Management of ‘forgotten’ encrusted JJ stents using extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy: A single-centre experience. Arab J Urol 17(2):132–137

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ulker V, Celik O, Endoscopic (2019) Single-Session Management of Encrusted, Forgotten Ureteral Stents. Med (B Aires) 55(3):58

Google Scholar 

Alnadhari I, Alwan MA, Salah MA, Ghilan AM (2019) Treatment of retained encrusted ureteral double-J stent. Arch Ital Urol Androl 90(4):265–269

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vajpeyi V, Chipde S, Khan F, Parashar S (2020) Forgotten double-J stent: experience of a tertiary care center. Urol Ann 12(2):138

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hu W, Song Y, Li Y, Li Y, Mu J, Zhong X et al (2021) Novel method to decrease the exposure time of the extraction string of the ureteral stent and its efficiency and safety verification in the clinic. Sci Rep 11(1):22358

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Betschart P, Piller A, Zumstein V, Schmid H, Engeler DS, Güsewell S et al (2021) Reduction of stent-associated morbidity by minimizing stent material: a prospective, randomized, single‐blind superiority trial assessing a customized ‘suture stent’. BJU Int 127(5):596–605

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lopes RI, Perrella R, Watanabe CH, Beltrame F, Danilovic A, Murta CB et al (2021) Patients with encrusted ureteral stents can be treated by a single session combined endourological approach. Int Braz J Urol 47(3):574–83

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

da Villares Costa LA, da Costa LGV, Lopes Neto AC, Casulli BM, Arnoni LRR, Glina S (2022) Can ureteral stents with a different format reduce patients’ symptomatology? A single-blinded, randomized, controlled study comparing smooth-walled and grooved ureteral stents. Actas Urológicas Españolas (English Edition) 46(8):504–12

Article 

Comments (0)

No login
gif